Building construction.



'No'. 350,948.. PATBNTBD APR. z3,r `1907.l A. Mom.

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.

APPLIUATIN FILED DEO. 19, 1904.

2 SHEETS-BHBBT 1.

4f z "ff ff Ass@ x HQ-j' f f/ wf f PATENTD APRA-3,1190?.

A. MOHR.

BUILDING CNSTRUCTION.

APPLIoATIoN FILED 1320.19, 1904.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

A www v vnnllllxlllllllf linvcrtcd at an angloI eighty dcgrccs7 thc hcwlcd cdgcs ol tho platos Gull? AUGUST MOHR, OF STU'VIGART, GERMANY.

BUlLDING CONSTRUCTION.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented April 23, 1907.

Application liail December 19, 1904. Serial No. 237,554.

'Bc it known that l, Aicis'r Morin, a nitizen ol' tho Gorman `lllnpiro, rcsiding at Stuttgartz, Nockarstrasso l0?, Germany, havc .invcntcd cortain now and usct'ul lmprovcrnmits in Building Construct-ion; and l do hcrohy declaro thc following to hc a l'ull, clcar, and exact dcscript-,ion of thc in\f'cnti n, such as will cnahlc othcrs skillt-d in tho art to which it apportains to niakc and usc thc samc.

lhis invcntion rclatcs to liroprool building construction, and has for its ohjcct particularly thi4` provision ol hollow ccilings or walls possossing to a larg l dcgrcc inhcrcnt stahility and involving a minimum oll cxpcnsc in manul'acturc and assomhling.

The in'rcntion as horoina'llm particularly dcscrihcd and claimcd may hcst lio nndcrstood hy a rcl'crcncc to thc accomlmnying drawngs, in which a prcl'crrcd cmlmdinwnt is cxcnipliticd.

ln tho drawings, l `iguro l is a soctiion through a cciling or wall constructcd according to my in'vcntion. Fig. 2 is a plan, part ly in scction, ol: Fig. 1. Figs. 2n and -laro scctions showing ay slightly-modilicd l'orm ol' thc structural olomcnts olnployod. Figs. 5, (i, 7, and 8 rcprcscnt scctions through modilicd forms. Fig. t) is an isomotric viow ol a cci]- ing and wall constructed according to my invcntion. Fig. l() is alrontI vicw ol' l portion ,o l such a wall, and Fig. ll is a w'crtical crossscction through thc lowcr part ol' thc wall.

Referring to the drawings moro in dctail, the' structu 'al olenionts afro t'orinod of ooncroto or other suitahlc 'liroprool matcria-l and. individually of angular cross-scction, preforahly T-shaped7 having a wol) Landa 'plato 2, which lattcr is hovclod at. hoth s'idcs, as shown. 'lhc wel; 1 is also ho'vclcd or incut along thc two sidos ol' its cxtrcnlity to form nach ono-half oi' a dovctail rcccss 3. It' tho structural clcinonts arc fornicd ol' concrctc or tho liko, inotal rcinforccmonts 4, 5, and 'may hc cnihrddcd within tho matcrial in such rclation to thc dill'crcnt parts thcrcoll as to constitute cll'ccti'vc t-cnsioin momhcrs. 'lhcsc roinforconicnts may ho lfurtlu-r assistcd hy Wiros passing from onc to anothcr in such wajvv as to distrihutc tho strain.

lt will ho ohscrvod that thc cross-suction of thcfclomcnts is such that whcn placcd alongsidc cach othcr, with caoh altcrnatc olcnunt ol' onc hnndrod and i l l l l l l i l i l l 2 cngage with thc dovotail recesses formed in the opposing sides of thc adjoining wel) cxtrcmitios in such manncr as to lirinly interlock and ooinplonlcnt. cach other, prcscntiing two plane.` surl'accs with intvrmodiatc longi- 6o In Fig. 4 is shown an cmhodimcut in which thc struct nral clomcnts aro of I-sliapcd 7o cross-scction, thc wcl 8 connccting tho two platos tl and lt), hoth of which arc hcvclod in lincs parallcl to cach otihcr, so that when the nlcmcnts aro placcd adjoining in alticrnatvflyinvortod position thc opposing lwvolcd fancs will ilfsnngly7 prcscnting a rcsult similar to that; dcscrihcd ahovo.

ln thc lorni ol' construction shown in Fig'. 5 thc wch ll is providM with an ahhrcfViatcd plato lf2, whilc at thc op'positzc ond it is inout at lil upon a hcvclcd or straighty linoy the plato l'. supporting tilc or planks l-l, whilc thc othcr tilcs or planks l5.

ln Fig. t) thc clcnunts lt havo tho c-nd corrcs'ponding to thc platc providcd mcrcly with a conical onlargomcnt l?, whilc thc opposito wah supports upon its inncrsurl'aco tho i ond is hcvclcd at lh in tho mannorproviously` dcscrihcd with rcl'crcncc to Fig. 5, upon which bovclcd tacos thc planks lil and 2() lcsti. l

`ln Fig. 7 thc clcincnts )osscss a moditiod T-shapod cross-suction, thc wcbs 21 boing providod with abhroviatcd platos 122, thc platcs supporting thc planks 23, whilc tho planks 24 rcst upon thovnd oi' thc wol).

.-iccording to Fig. 8 tho struct ural clolnents comprising thc wch 5 and. tho platos t aro assomhlod withoutI altcrnato inversitni, cach olcmcnt occupying tho santo position as the Ico adjaccnt clcincnt, thc bcvclcd facos 27 of the wol) and plate` serving to support corr0spondingl \'-l c\' .\lcd planks 2S and 2); which occupy a position hctwccn the structural clomcnts and llush with thc cxtrcniitics thcrcol'. .to

'Ilu` rangn ol" omploynicnt l'or (-.oilings aud walls l'ormod by thc combination oflstguctural clcmonts haring thc gcncral characteristics as sct out is limitcd onl)r hv'tho requircnunts of thc huildcr. V

Whcthor laid in. 1 ro 'completed structure possesses with great ively.

`tioned with reference to the beam St), which ysolutely prevent anyl relative movement bea a `cessity of constructing and retaining in place a horizontal position to form a floor and eeiling or vertically, as partitions or walls, the

lightness a very highv degree of strength, due to the fact that the component elements interlock and reinforce each other in such a manner as to distribute the strain most ei'eet- In Fig. 9 is shown a fragment of a'wall and ceiling assembled in such way as to illustrate the advantages of this construction.V Upon. the upper edge of the wall formed, by the combination vof a lurality of the structural elements previous y described is laid a lintel or beam 30, having a plane upper surface and provided with projections extendingl downwardly in engagement with the cavities formed between the adjacent structuralf'elements forming the wall and serving to rigidly bind and interlock the diflerent elements of the artition. rlhe partition itself rests upon a oundation-beam 31, similar in all respeets to the be "im 3U, upon wlnch can he c early seen the projections '32, above inenprojcctions have lateral dimensions corresponding to the cross-section of the cavities within the partition. These projeetionsabtween the different structural elements forming the partition or wall and constitute of the wall a homogeneous whole` Upon the beam 30, resting upon the artition or wall, is susported the tloorfma e in a similar manner to the wall, the only ditterence beihg that one occupies a horizontal and the other a vertical osition.

It will be readily understood that b'y utilizing structural elements formed according to my invention the erection of a building is greatly simplified, and consequently cheapenedin cost. Une great ditlieulty in the construction of ireproof ceilings is the usual nefor some time saftolding for the support ot the ditierent parts. This is entirely obviated by my invention, the ditl'erent structural elements may he placed readily in )osition without the use ot supporting-scail'olding. The cooperation between the di'll'crent elc- 1 ments l. is so intimate that joints may be l broken between the meeting ends of ditl'errnt elements without a supportiiig-pillar, an advantage which will he readilyappreciated.

The advantage ot a hollow construction in floors and ceilings is well recognized; but the diliculty in manufacturing such lloors and ceilings in place lor ininolding the same preparatory to placing in position has served to discourage such -construction by adding to its cost.y Structural elements t'orined as above described are readily molded without special arrangements or apparatus, no cores` Iieingj necessary, for the reason that the elements so i coperateland complement each other when l the edges ot the plate being beveled in opposite directions and provided with cement-receiving recesses, and the extremity of the web being of dovetail shape.

2. ln building construction, a plurality of structural elements each of angular cross-section and having a continuous web and plate, the edges ot the one extremity beveled and the other extremity incut at each side to form one-halt of a dovetail recess, the several elements arranged side by side and alternately in inverted position with the beveled edges et one extremity in dovetail engagement w ith the recesses formed in. the adjoining sides of the other extremity to present two plane surfaces with intermediate longitudinally-extending -avities and connecting-webs, in combination with beams provided with spaced projections having lateral dimensions corresponding to the cross-section ot' the longitudinal cavities, said beams arranged at right angles to thetirst-named elements with the projections in engagement with the s aid cavities.

f3. `ln building construction, a plurality of concrete structural elements each of T- shaped cross-sectioi'i and having a continuous Aplate and web, the edges ot the plate beveled and the extrei'nity ot the web ineut at each side to torni one-halt of a dovetail recess, the several elements arranged side by side and alternately in inverted position with the bcveled edges ol" one plate in dovetail engagement with the recesses l'orined in the sides of the adjoining web extremities to present two plane -surl'accs with intermediate longitudiinilly-extending cavities and connectingwebs, in combination with beams provided with spaced projections having lateral dimensions corresponding to the cross-section otthe longitudinal cavities, said beams arranged at right angles-to the tirst-nained elements with the projections in. engagement with said cavities.

4. ln building construction, a plurality oi" concrete lstructural elements each ot" ''-A i -shaped cross-section and having a continuous plate. and web, the edges of the plate beveled and the extremity of the web incuty at each side to form one-halt ot a dovetail rccess, the several elements arranged vertically side b v side and alternately in inverted position with the beveled. edges of one plate in dovetail4 engagement with the recesses formed in the sides ol the adjoining web extremities to present. two vertical plane surfaces with intermediate longitudinally-extcnding cavi- ILO ties and connecting-webs, a foundation-beam provided with spaced projections having lat eral dimensions'corresponding to the crosssection of the longitudinal cavities, said beam arranged. beneath the assembled struc tural elements and .at'right angles thereto with its projections 1n engagement With thev said cavities7 and a similar beam arranged von top of the assembled structural elements with its projections extending downwardly in engagement with said cavities, in combination' with similarly-assembled structural elements resting upon the second beam in a horizontal position endforming a ceiling'` In testimony whereof I aiix my signature 415 to this specification in the presence of tivo Witnesses.

l t AUGUST Mons. Witn/esse's: I.

A. B. DnANrz,

FRITZ HOFMAN'N. 

